Nyren’s sequencing method earned the name “pyrosequencing” since it revolved around the production of pyrophosphate. At first, pyrosequencing could sequence only short DNA snippets, with a few nucleotides. In 1996, however, Nyren’s lab demonstrated sequencing of up to 15 bases by using a modified “A” nucleotide to reduce their signal-to-noise ratio.7 In 1998, they increased this to 34 bases by adding another enzyme, called apyrase, to the mix; apyrase degraded unincorporated nucleotides, removing the need for constant wash steps.
Фото: Elizabeth Frantz / Reuters
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